Sangarius Bridge

Pentapastos (Five Pulley Crane)

Roman Aqueduct -- Segovia

Sagitarius Bridge

Batle of Casilinum #2

In order to see the "Battle of Casilinum #1," go to the blog;

http://ByzantiumNovumMilitarium.blogspot.com

August, 2011.

The explanation of the difference of the battles is on the "Battle of Casilinum #2 in the above blog.

Herodian Bundaries, 30 BC

The boundaries of King Herod's domain.  Herod was a client king of the Roman Empire and historically one of the best known from archaelogical findings and period writings.

Defences of a timber-built camp

Above is a rendering of the timber gateway of the fort at the Lunt, Bagington, Warwickshire, UK; as reconstructed by Brian Hobley.

Roman Army Fortifications {Timber-built camps}, Marcus Audens

"Box" rampart

The above is a reconstructon of a "box" rampart excavated at the Valkenburg fort in Holland.  This type of rampart was used where there was insufficient turf to face a normal rampart.

Roman Army Fortifications {Field}, Marcus Audens

Turf-faced rampart

Section of  turf-faced rampart built on a "corduroy" base of logs to give it a stable foundation when and where the ground was soft.

Roaman Army Fortifications {Field}, Marcus Audens

Snowfall

Loading Oil on a Roman Merchant Ship

A slave loading oil on a Roman Merchant Ship at Ostia, the busy trading port of Rome.

Roman Merchant Grain Ship

A Roman Merchant Vessel (small freighter) the Isis Giminiana, is being loaded with sacks of grain, second or third century A. D.  Farnaces, the commander (magister), stands at the steering oars.   Stevedores carry the sacks aboard and empty the goods (res) into an official measure under the eye of the ship's owner, Abascantus, and of a government inspector (holding an olive branch).  A stevedore who has emptied his sack (marked feci, "I'm done") rests in the bows  The mast is stepped far forward; the ship was probably sprit-rigged.

  The demand for grain grew as Rome prospered, and imports became essential.  In order that the trade might proceed peacefully, Rome had to have command of the Mediterranean.  (Anderson);

Latin Labels, Left to Right:

ISIS              FARNACES              ABASCANTUS           RES
GIMINIANA             MAGISTER
NA