Hitite City (Under Siege)

 

This very rough picture indicates a city under siege and the fortifications built into the city wall

Battle Against the Helvetii

 

The map is reproduced from the French Survey dated 1853. There is little doubt that the battle took place on this ground, on which Colonel Stoffel discovered the entrenchment "E". The positions of the opposing forces here shown are in general accordance with the theory of Colonel Bircher.

Reference:

Caesar, H.J. Edwards (trans.), "The Gallic War," Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1997

Ruins of Aqua Claudia

 

Aqua Claudia, a Roman Aqueduct.

Reference:

Frontinius, Chares E Bennett (trans.), "Aqueducts of Rome," Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA,1997

The Battle of the Aisne (after Colonel Stoffel)

 

Reference:

Caesar (H. J. Edwards, Trans.) "The Gallic War," Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, Mass. - Loondon, England, 1997

The Battle of the Sombre

 

Reference:

Caesar, H. J. Edwards (trans.)" The Gallic War,"Loeb Classical Library, Cambridge, U.K., 1997

Mediterranean Sites Besieged - 146-27 BC

 

The sites marked on the map are:

--Numantia, Spain;
--Ategua, Spain;
--Massila, Gaul;
--Alesia, Germany;
--Avaricum, Germany;
--Gergovia Gaul;
--Uxellodunum, Gaul;
--Thala, North Africa;
--Capsa, North Africa;
--Carthage, North Africa;
--Rome, Italy;
--Brundisium, Italy;
--Dyrrachium, Greece;
--Athens, Greece;
--Cyzicus, Asia Minor;
--Heraclea Pontica, Asia Minor;
--Xanthus, Asia Minor;
--Tigranocerta, Persia;
--Pindenissus, Asia Minor;
--Jerusalem;
--Alexandria, Egypt

Plan of Numantia, Spain -- Siege, 133 BC

 

This plan outlines the Roman camps, forts and siege walls built for this siege operation:

Camps and Forts

--Castillejo #1, top of dwg., Scipio Aemilianus siege camp;

--Pena Redonda #2, toward bottom of the plan, center, F. Fabius Maximus siege camp;

--Dehesilla #3, left of plan on hill,Q. Fabius Maximus siege camp, alternate location;

--Valdevotton #4, Right side of plan, Possible Alternate siege camp;

--Travesadas #5, Right side of plan, Possible alternate siege camp;

--Canal #6, Bottom Left of plan, Possible alternate siege camp;

--Molino #7, Left of center, below river, River Fort;

--Vega #8, 2/3rds up the plan center, River Fort;

--Pena de Judio #9, Left above Dehesilla, Probable fort and tower;

--Alto Real #10, Above Pena de Judio on hill, Possible Fort.

Siege Walls

--a. Possible tower, wall foundations, above Dehesilla;

--b. Siege Wall, Below Dehesilla;

--c. 300 meter stretch of wall, two "titulus" (*) protected gates;

--d. Siege Wall, above Pena Redonda;

--e. Siege Wall, above Travesadas.

(*) "titulus" refers to a length of rampart and ditch outside a gap in the defences; a standard Roman method of protecting an open gateway.

Reference:

D. B. Campbell, A. Hook (Illust.) "Siege Warfare In the Roman World," Elie, 126, Osprey Pub., London, 2005